So you have a virtual machine and you've just expanded your virtual disk, log on to your CentOS Linux system and performed a fdisk -l to find this error:
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 236.2 GB, 236223201280 bytes, 461373440 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 209715199 104857599+ ee GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-tmp: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-var: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-opt: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 7507 MB, 7507804160 bytes, 14663680 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Knowing that you have an /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda3 and want to create an /dev/sda4 but how?
Install parted, and use this to fix the disk you've just expanded:
# parted
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p
Error: The backup GPT table is not at the end of the disk, as it should be. This might mean that another operating system believes the disk is smaller. Fix, by
moving the backup to the end (and removing the old backup)?
Fix/Ignore/Cancel? Fix
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sda appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 251658240 blocks) or continue with the
current setting?
Fix/Ignore? Fix
Model: Msft Virtual Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 236GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB ext4
2 538MB 1075MB 537MB fat16 EFI System Partition boot
3 1075MB 107GB 106GB lvm
(parted) q
Now you can see all three partitions and so will be able to create the fourth:
# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 236.2 GB, 236223201280 bytes, 461373440 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 1050623 512M Microsoft basic
2 1050624 2099199 512M EFI System EFI System Partition
3 2099200 209713151 99G Linux LVM
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (4-128, default 4):
First sector (34-461373406, default 209713152):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (209713152-461373406, default 461373406):
Created partition 4
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
Now you have created the forth partition, you can see it with the fdisk -l command:
[root@troi st14988]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 236.2 GB, 236223201280 bytes, 461373440 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 1050623 512M Microsoft basic
2 1050624 2099199 512M EFI System EFI System Partition
3 2099200 209713151 99G Linux LVM
4 209713152 461373406 120G Linux filesyste
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-tmp: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-var: 34.4 GB, 34359738368 bytes, 67108864 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-opt: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 7507 MB, 7507804160 bytes, 14663680 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Once you have rebooted for the new partition table to take effect, you can add the new partition to the LVM volume group to extend the logical volumes you need to grow/resize:
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 6 0 wz--n- 99.00g 4.00m
# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 2 6 0 wz--n- 218.99g 120.00g
Now that you have more space, we can extend any of our logical volumes we want:
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home centos -wi-ao---- 6.99g
opt centos -wi-ao---- 20.00g
root centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
tmp centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
var centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
# lvextend -L +100G centos/opt
Size of logical volume centos/opt changed from 20.00 GiB (5120 extents) to 120.00 GiB (30720 extents).
Logical volume opt successfully resized.
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home centos -wi-ao---- 6.99g
opt centos -wi-ao---- 120.00g
root centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
tmp centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
var centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
# lvextend centos/home -l+100%FREE
Size of logical volume centos/home changed from 6.99 GiB (1790 extents) to 26.99 GiB (6910 extents).
Logical volume home successfully resized.
# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home centos -wi-ao---- 26.99g
opt centos -wi-ao---- 120.00g
root centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
tmp centos -wi-ao---- 4.00g
var centos -wi-ao---- 32.00g
